Wheat flour as carbon source on water quality, growth performance, hemolymph biochemical and immune parameters of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) juveniles in biofloc

چکیده مقاله

This study examined how adding wheat flour (relative to daily feed) affected water quality, growth performance, body composition, hemolymph biochemical and immunity activities of Penaeus vannamei. In 5 experimental enclosures, pacific white shrimp juveniles weighing an average of 2.80 g were reared for 49 days at a density of 1 g/L. The experimental groups include a control group (without wheat flour, 35–50 %/day water exchange) and four biofloc treatments containing wheat flour in proportions of 25 % (WF25), 50 % (WF50), 75 % (WF75) and 100 % (WF100) of daily feed added in the water. The method of feeding and the type of feed was the same in all treatments. In the control group, the highest amounts of total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) (1.14 mg/L), nitrite (8.15 mg/L), and nitrate (3.60 mg/L) were observed (P < 0.05). In biofloc WF50 and WF75 treatments, the highest body weight (9.09–9.18 …